Monoclonal antibodies in fish and shellfish health management in India

The paper describes the superiority of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) over conventional polyclonal antisera. Studies undertaken indicate that Aeromonas hydrophila isolates are highly heterogenous and variation exists even between isolates from a farm, requiring a large number of MAbs for classification and use of information in vaccine development. However, some of the MAbs could be used for detection of homologous isolates in fish kidney by immunodot assay and evaluation and standardization of biofilm of A. hydrophila for oral vaccination in carps

EVALUATION OF IN VITRO THROMBOLYTIC AND ANTIPROTEINASE ACTIVITIES OF WEDELIA TRILOBATA (LINN.)

ABSTRACTObjective: To determine the phytoconsistutents and in vitro thrombolytic and antiproteinase activities of aqueous extracts of leaf, stem and root of Wedelia trilobata.Methods: In vitro thrombolytic activity of aqueous extracts of different parts of W. trilobata against thrombolysis. In vitro antiproteinase activity of aqueous extracts of different parts of W. trilobata. Results: Phytochemical screening of aqueous extracts of leaf, stem and flower of W. trilobata showed various bioactive constituents such as carbohydrates, protein, phenols, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids and quinines in all three parts of aqueous extracts. The maximum dissolution of blood clot (thrombolysis or fibrinolysis) was observed in leaf extracts, when compared to stem and extracts of flower W. trilobata. The highest degree of proteinase activity was showed in stem of W. trilobata. Conclusions: Since the aqueous extracts of different part of W. trilobata possess pharmacological active phytocompounds may be responsible for thrombolytic and antiproteinase activities. In further, to isolate the phytocompounds from this plant may be substantiate an effective drug in pharmacologic aspect as thrombolytic and anti inflammatory therapy.Keywords: Wedelia trilobata, leaf, stem, flower, aqueous extracts. Â

IN VITRO ANTIHEMOLYTIC AND ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITIES OF ARISTOLOCHIA BRACTEATA (Lam.)

Background: Aristolochia bracteata (Lam.) is described in Ayurveda for the treatment of painful inflammations, cardiac disorders. Objectives: The present study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical, in vitro antihemolytic and anti-arthritic activities of ethanolic extracts of leaf, stem and root of A. bracteata. The phytochemical, in vitro antihemolytic and anti-arthritic activities of different parts of A. bracteata by standard protocols. Results: The various bioactive phytocompounds such as carbohydrates, flavonoids, saponins, steroids and coumarins present in leaf, stem and roots of A. bracteata. The maximum protection of RBC membrane lysis was observed in ethanolic extract of A. bracteata. The ethanolic extracts of stem exhibited significant protection of membrane denaturation and proteinase inhibitory activities.  Conclusion: So, from this result indicates A. bracteata may be used in designing various pharmacological drugs and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.Â

EVALUATION OF ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC AND ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITIES OF AN EDIBLE GASTROPOD (ACHATINA FULICA) IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC MICE

Objective: The main purpose of this study was to evaluate antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of methanolic extracts of an ediblegastropod (Achatina fulica) in alloxan-induced diabetic mice.Methods: Alloxan (150 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [IP]) induced diabetic mice were treated with a methanolic extract of A. fulica (0.5 mg/dose/animal/IP)for a period of 10-day. The effect of the extract on body weight, organ indices, blood glucose levels, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoproteincholesterol(HDL-C),low-densitylipoprotein(LDL) cholesterol,veryLDL(VLDL) cholesterol,triglycerides(TGs),serumglutamicoxaloacetictransaminase(SGOT),serum glutamicpyruvictransaminase(SGPT), serum urea,and creatininewereassessed todivulgetheiractivityin controllingdiabetes-relatedmetabolic alterations.Results: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of aqueous A. fulica extract lead to the identification of 7 bioactive compounds, and themajor constituents of the extract were found to exert hypoglycemic activity. Diabetic animals with the treatment of A. fulica extract showed a significantdecrease in fasting blood glucose concentration (222.0±0.9 mg/dl) and a decrease in the levels of TC (105±32.3 mg/dl), LDL (31.6±25.8 mg/dl),VLDL (22.76±0.27 mg/dl), and TG (113±3.3 mg/dl) and a potent elevation in the level of serum HDL-C (64.3±8.5 mg/dl) in the extract treatedanimals when compared with the untreated. Liver marker enzymes such as SGPT and SGOT levels were further reduced in the treated group(SGPT - 0.86 ±0.004 IU/L, SGOT - 0.04±0.004 IU/L) after the IP administration of the gastropod extract. The levels of serum urea (6.1±0.94 mg/dl)and creatinine (9.08±2.9 mg/dl) were also significantly decreased after treatment with the extract, respectively, compared to the mean values of thediabetic group (6.31±1.38 mg/dl, 11.4±2.9 mg/dl).Conclusion: This confirms the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activity of A. fulica extract in alloxan-induced diabetic animals. From thepresent study, it can be concluded that the gastropod extract seems promising for the management of diabetes mellitus.Keywords: Diabetes, Antihyperglycemic, Antihyperlipidemic, Alloxan, Achatina fulica

ACTIVE-HASH-TABLE BASED PUBLIC AUDITING FOR SECURE CLOUD STORAGE

Public auditing scheme for secure cloud storage based on dynamic hash table, which is a new two-dimensional data structure located at a third-party auditor (TPA) to record the data property information for dynamic auditing. Differing form the existing works, the proposed scheme migrates the authorized information from the cloud services provider to the TPA and thereby significantly reduces the computational cost and communication overhead. Our scheme can also achieve higher updating efficiency than the state of the art schemes. In addition, we extend our scheme to support privacy preservation by combining the homomorphic authenticator based on the public key with the random masking generated by the TPA and achieve batch auditing by employing the aggregate BLS signature technique. We formally prove the security of the proposed scheme and evaluate the auditing performance by detailed experiments and comparisons with the existing ones. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can effectively achieve secure auditing for cloud storage and outperform the previous schemes’ in computation complexity, storage costs, and communication overhead

PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND IN VITRO ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF PERGULARIA DAEMIA (Forsk.)

Objectives: The in vitro antiinflammatory activity of acetone and ethyl acetate extracts of Pergularia deamia leaf and stem. Methods: The different parts of extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening as per the standard protocols. In vitro anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated by red blood cell (RBC) membrane stabilization, protein denaturation, and antiproteinase methods. Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed that the presence of carbohydrates, phenol, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, and quinines in acetone extracts of plant. In vitro anti-inflammatory activities were tested using different concentrations of the extracts along with standard drug diclofenac sodium. The maximum anti-inflammatory activities were observed in ethyl acetate extracts of P. daemia. As the concentration of the extracts increased antiinflammatory activity also higher. Conclusion: The plant, therefore, might be considered as a natural source of RBC membrane stabilizers and prevention of protein denaturation, so it is substitute medicine for the management of inflammatory disorder

A Study on Digital Marketing and Its Types: A Deep Review of Pros and Cons

Digital marketing is one of the new trendy terms that is used in recent days. Digital marketing can be defined as marketing products or services to a group of targeted consumers to improve the market share of the business with the help of electronic devices. Digital marketing was used in 1970 and it developed in 2000, it was the period when there was a shift from traditional marketing to digital marketing.  The study was done with the help of secondary data. Various literature and web sources were used to do a deep study on digital marketing and its types. Reports, case studies, research papers, articles, newspaper articles, and websites have been used. The reason behind this research paper is to have a complete understanding of digital marketing types and its pros and cons

Ensemble based groundwater level prediction using neural network pattern fitting

44-50Prediction of groundwater level is implemented using Time-series prediction model and combined prediction model for learning the pattern and trend in groundwater level fluctuation, result show that the combined prediction model using, groundwater level time series and precipitation time series as input predictors is a better predictor. Study also shows that prediction is dependent on the pattern and trends at a particular location as every dataset depends on the dynamics of the location namely the geomorphology of the aquifer, the drainage inside the aquifer and pumping from the aquifer. Ensemble based forecasting is studied to fix the upper and lower limit of the prediction. Ensembles helped in fixing a range for the forecast instead of relying on a single unique value

Continuous glucose monitoring system - useful but expensive tool in management of diabetes

Until recently, self monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) was the only tool used for monitoring blood glucose levels. The limitation of SMBG is that it cannot continuously monitor blood glucose levels. In this paper, we present our initial experience with the continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) in three different clinical situations. With reduction in cost and further refinement in technology, CGMS could become a valuable tool for clinical practice and research studies in diabetes

A comparative study of intravenous dexmedetomidine and midazolam on prolongation of spinal anesthesia

Background: The present study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous dexmedetomidine and midazolam on prolongation of spinal anesthesia.Methods: The study population included people who were undergoing for spinal anesthesia for various surgeries. A total of 90 subject were randomized equally to Dexmedetomidine, Midazolam and saline groups using a computer generated random number sequence. Three study groups were compared with respect to all the baseline variables. The key outcome parameters and hemodynamic parameters were compared among the three study groups.Results: No statistically significant differences were observed in baseline paramters across study groups. The median values of patient satisfaction score and anesthesiologist satisfaction score were almost equal among three study groups, but the association was statistically not significant. The median VAS and the median HSL were slightly lower in dexmedetomidine group than other two groups (VAS-1,2,3 respectively and HSL -4,6,6 respectively) with statistically significant association (P0.05) except with number of patients requiring analgesic for the first 24 hours (P value<0.05).Conclusions: Measurement of patient and anesthesiologist satisfaction scores are more or less similar in midazolam and dexmedetomidine groups compare to saline group